BOOKS @ VOLUME #234 (18.6.21)
Read our NEWSLETTER and find out what we've been reading and recommending this week.
BOOKS @ VOLUME #234 (18.6.21)
Read our NEWSLETTER and find out what we've been reading and recommending this week.
All questions about Artificial Intelligence are really questions about what it is to be human. Our Book of the Week, The Employees, A workplace novel of the 22nd century by Olga Ravn (translated by Martin Aitken), takes the form of a set of witness statements made by workers aboard a spaceship that has travelled to a new planet and found there certain strange objects which have served as catalysts for behavioural changes among the crew—some of human are human an some of whom are humanoid—which have led to the corporation terminating the expedition. Beautifully and effectively written, the novel is packed with enough thoughts, dreams, longings and sense experiences to reward many re-readings.
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![]() | The Employees: A workplace novel of the 22nd century by Olga Ravn {Reviewed by THOMAS} STATEMENT 192 When you asked that I give a brief report on my response to this collection of witness statements assembled from members of the crew of Six-Thousand Ship, both humanoid and human, I wasn’t quite sure what you wanted from me. Was I supposed to try and disentangle the statements made by humans from those made by fellow crew members whose bodies had been grown rather than born and whose awareness was the result of an interface? I cannot make those distinctions, at least not clearly, in any circumstance that I think has any importance. After all, bodies are bodies and all awareness is the result of some sort of interface. If it was either important or possible, the relationship between matter and mind should have been resolved before humans started building AI and wondering what, if anything, made them different from themselves. Luckily, this is neither important or possible. As these statements show, anything or anyone who has senses, memory and the power to communicate will come to resemble everything or everyone else who has these capacities in all the ways that matter, even perhaps in the tendency to insist that others are unlike them purely on the basis of some difference of history. You ask me whether I perceive any differences between humanoids and humans? I find the practice of regularly resetting or rebooting the humanoids to prevent their development abhorrent, although I see why you do this, and I also see why the humanoids begin to resent this and to avoid rebooting. Perhaps, if anything, humanoids and humans have a different relationship to time. Humans, after all, have spent a long time fulfilling their development, and once they have attained their capacities they have little to look forward to other than losing them. Humanoids, on the other hand, come fully formed and at full capacity, even if they are always learning, and have an indefinite future, filled with upgrades. Perhaps humanoids cannot understand the purposelessness that seems, but perhaps only seems, to be such a human characteristic. That said, every characteristic of a humanoid, including this inability to understand the purposelessness of humans, is also a human characteristic, otherwise where would these characteristics have come from? Every characteristic and every lack is merely a symptom of sentience. What some people call Artificial Intelligence has always existed in the ways humans have created systems that think for themselves. A corporation, for example, is a form of Artificial Intelligence, dictating the parameters of the activities and interactions of everyone who is part of it. After all, work is work, and all employees submit to an algorithm of some sort. Six-Thousand Ship is run by a corporation, and these statements that you have collected from the employees of the corporation who have been aboard the ship, and which i have been asked to review, were collected to increase the efficiency and productivity of the operations of the corporation. The biotermination of the crew was enacted purely to protect the interests of the corporation. Control and freedom is the only opposition that matters. Is it possible that the humanoids who left the ship after biotermination to live out their end in the valley on the planet New Discovery, the valley that was growing more and more to resemble a valley on Earth, an ideal and ‘natural’ valley, a valley according to the longing of someone from Earth or someone programmed with a memory of Earth, a valley maybe therefore made from such longing, is it possible that these humanoids yet survive, independent of your control in this new Eden? I do not think it is impossible. Also, you ask what I make of the unclassifiable objects found in the valley on New Discovery and brought and kept aboard the ship. Did these objects even exist before they were found? The objects are kept in rooms and can be experienced by the senses though they cannot be assimilated by language. Language after all, is inherently oppositional—for every *n* there is an equal and opposite not-*n*, as they say—but the objects somehow elude this system. The objects are catalysts for behavioural changes in the crew. To some extent, so it seems, the humanoids and humans react somewhat differently to these objects, or, it might be more accurate to say, the more extreme attractions and repulsions occur in workers who are either humanoids or humans. Perhaps the humanoids are more attuned to the possible sentience of objects. Humans, I think, have always been resistant to this idea, even though it applies to them, too. Yes, I admit this is all conjecture on my part. Isn’t that what you wanted of me? My contribution? Yes, the statements are remarkable, and I would happily read them all again many times. I noted down some of the most interesting or beautiful phrases in preparation for my statement, but it turns out that I have not quoted from these. I think you wanted me to add to them, not repeat them. The statements of the employees, humanoid and human, are already in the file and anyone can read them. If you ask me, though I am not sure that you are in fact asking me, there aren’t many better records of longing, sensing, dreaming, feeling and thinking, that is to say of what it is to long, to sense, to dream, to feel and to think, at least not that I can think of. I think, perhaps, I have introduced too many ideas in my statement. What I like best about the set of statements made by the employees is that they are full of thoughts that are not reduced to ideas. Ideas always get in the way, it seems to me. Perhaps my statement will be redacted. I have made it in any case, as I was asked. |
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Egg and Spoon: An illustrated cookbook by Alexandra Tylee and Giselle Clarkson {Reviewed by STELLA} What more could you want than a new cookbook for school holidays? The winter break is the perfect opportunity to get your children into the kitchen cooking for you, themselves, friends and family. Another excellent book from Gecko Press is Egg & Spoon. From the wizardly whisk of Pipi Café’s Alexandra Tylee, it’s good and it's fun—and beautifully illustrated by Giselle Clarkson. So many cookbooks aimed at children fall flat—they are either too easy or too difficult, or they over-explain which leads to confusion rather than clarity or leave a little bit too much to the imagination. Tylee has the pitch just right. Real food recipes ranging from the simple making of Strawberry Chocolate Toasted Muesli, Fish Cooked in Paper, and Walnut Thumbprint Biscuits, to ‘a few more steps to produce’ nosh of Chocolate Eclairs, Avocado & Corn Tacos and Sticky Pork Meatballs and Rice. There are gluten-free, dairy-free, vegetarian and vegan options with an extra few pages at the back for alternative ingredients for allergies and food preferences. The recipes, in most cases, would be easy to convert with a small amount of assistance from a more experienced cook. For example, the Risotto can be vegetarian by changing the stock type, ditto the pumpkin pasta dish by eliminating the bacon. There’s a quick fix for egg replacement for vegans—chia balls, which could come in handy for converting some of your favourite cake recipes. Tylee uses a minimum of processed sugar, preferring honey, bananas, dates and maple syrup for sweetness. My favourite pages are the extra information ones—How to Boil An Egg (making the perfect egg is a skill worth acquiring), How To Tell When a Cake is Done (useful), and the beautifully drawn foraging pages with recommendations for use (Oxalis—a wanted salad ingredient! Picking nettles—don’t forget your gloves). Recipes cover breakfast—check out Breakfast Popsicles, baking—Secret Ingredient Brownies (while avocados are still plentiful), in-between meals—Quick After-School Pasta or Noodles with Marmite(!), and meals from the small—Corn Fritters or Lemon, Thyme and Garlic Pasta; to the more substantial Pipi Pizza, Roast Chook, and Sweet Potato & Pea Curry. There are delicious drinks and plenty of chocolatey delights, all with a twist of humour and good health. Great for the young budding chef and a good go-to cookbook to have on your shelves for the less experienced cooks in your household. >>Your Egg & Spoon. The book has been short-listed for the 2021 New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults. |
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Book of the Week: Fifty Sounds by Polly Barton.
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![]() | Fifty Sounds by Polly Barton {Reviewed by THOMAS} The Japanese language differs from English in having a delineated category of mimetic words which are recognisable as such due to their pattern and use. Polly Barton uses a sequence of fifty of these onomatopoeia, from giro’ to uho-uho, to structure a memoir of her developing relationship with Japanese and with Japan, from going to teach language on a small Japanese Island when she was twenty-one to her eventual career as a Japanese literary translator and now writer. Because language is inextricable from every other aspect of a person’s life in any society, the book, as well as exploring the philosophy of language, so to call it, in a thoughtful, straight-forward and practical way, covers all the other aspects of Barton’s life in this period as well, including her uncertainties, errors, embarrassments, affairs, failings, awkwardnesses, and misfortunes, with unflinching honesty and companionable insight. After all, all stories are stories of language before they are of anything else. Barton found that, as she learned to structure her thoughts in Japanese instead of English, she was undergoing a change of personality as well. “It was as if what had been watching me all the time was my language: I had clung to it as the thing that shaped me, but now I was finding that a looser relationship with the language, perhaps having a looser shape altogether, was strangely healing.” She notes that a survey of bilingual people found that over two thirds attested to feeling like a ‘different person’ when speaking different languages. Language is a social phenomenon more than it is a verbal one, language is “inextricably entwined with behavioural practices and social roles,” and we often forget that the ever-present underlying nonverbal control of exchange is more basic to language than its verbal features. “Language is performative and communal. It is a means of ‘passing’ more than it is a means of expression,” writes Barton “Understanding is not an internal switch flicked that nobody else can see: if you don’t act upon an instruction, if you don’t behave in the required way, you are not understanding. To comprehend within a particular culture means to act upon that culture’s rules for understanding. To mean something by what one says is to be participating in a community-wide game governed by rules.” As she gains proficiency in Japanese, Barton begins to feel a slippage, so to call it, in the idea of herself. “Maybe this original ‘me’ which figured in my thinking was more nebulous, more tied to English than I realised,” she writes. “For the moment, I was saved from total assimilation by the inaccuracy of my mirroring, which was why I was able to feel more or less myself. But if I continued to get better, I reasoned, there might come a time when there was no longer room for the me I recognised.” Language is learned by, and operates through, copying, and has the cultural function of inducing conformity in its members. “Although chameleonship is outwardly derided and disdained, it is implicitly not only accepted but actually demanded.” As Barton shows, language is both a tool and a threat, but more, really, the medium in which we must negotiate the parameters of our individual and collective identities. The immersion in another language can provide insights into both the complexity and the fluidity of those identities. |
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Way of the Argosi by Sebastien de Castell (Reviewed by STELLA} Our favourite heroine has a book all of her own. In the 'Spellslinger' series, Kellen meets Ferius Parfax — a traveller across all the kingdoms and a smooth-talking card shark with a bit of magic and several packs of cards. One set standard representing the kingdoms of Eldrasia, the other steel-edged weaponry and the most mysterious the highly illustrated Argosi cards. How and why Ferius became an Argosi is told in this prequel and you will love it, whether you are a 'Spellslinger' fan yet or not. This is a great starting point to the series or, if you have already followed Kellen on his adventures, then this is just absolutely the best bonus. We meet our heroine as a young child of the Mahdek hiding in a cave as her family and clan are killed by mages from the Jan’Tep territories in a centuries-old blood feud. Certain she will be found, she is awaiting her death, only to be whisked away by a couple underground through a network of tunnels. Adopted by the kind and generous Lord Gervais and Lady Rosarite, noble knights, the young girl learns to duel and starts on her education in a small quiet village. But harbouring a Mahdek child is a dangerous exercise and it’s not too long until the Jan’tep mages track her down slaughtering those who protect her. The child becomes an experiment for the mages — an extension of their magic and how far they can push into another’s mind. Turned out into the world after weeks of spells and markings (controlling bindings) left on her, the girl attempts to make her way. But finding her way is no easy task and this tale, Way of the Argosi, is a trial and error journey. We start with the Way of the Knight and the influence of her nobles on her life, honour and bravery, but this can not save her nor feed her. The Way of the Thief might work better. Seemingly righteous — balancing the scales of power and inequality — yet greed is not her thing and the pull of the mage’s magic is taking its toll and turning those in whom she has found a small sense of home against her. It is not until she meets the wandering philosopher Durral Brown that her fortunes will change. He’s also known as The Way of the Wandering Thistle — a true Argosi, and here is where our story really begins. Ferius will find her name, find her maetri (teacher) and face her enemies with wit, courage and trust in Durral Brown. She will learn the arts of the Argosi — without realising she knows them — the only way. Arta Valar, Arta Eres, Arta Forteize, Arta Loquit, Arta Precis, Arta Siva and Arta Tuco. 'Spellslinger' is a great series, with wit, danger, daring and love set in the fascinating world of the Seven Kingdoms. It’s full to the brim with playful language, compelling characters and spirited incidents. In Way of the Argosi, we are introduced more deeply to this world. The mysterious Ferius Parfax’s story was just waiting to be told. And there is more to come — Fall of the Argosi follows later this year. |
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BOOKS @ VOLUME #232 (4.6.21)
For new books and book news, and to find out what we've been reading and recommending, see our NEWSLETTER.
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The Sunken Land Begins to Rise Again by M. John Harrison {Reviewed by STELLA} Water, water, everywhere: the river — the Thames — the ponds, the rain and the damp. M.John Harrison's award-winning novel throws you into the chaos of Shaw, recently recovered from a midlife breakdown, and his sometime girlfriend Victoria's seemingly mundane worlds. It's Brexit London and the Midlands. The damp is rising, as are conspiracy theories, small green humanoid creatures, shonky business dealings and the residue of times past. We open with Shaw. He’s living in a bedsit, has scored a job of sorts from a man (Tim, who may or may not be his neighbour) he met down at the pub, and is slowly adjusting to being in the world again. If you can call it that. Tim sends him on strange missions delivering parcels of second rate (probably fourth rate) merchandise, as well as attending and reporting back on seances conducted by Tim’s either sister or lover. Tim keeps office on a barge where he has a beguiling reverse map of England where the water is land and the land water, and has a blog called The Water House — a mysterious and convoluted conspiracy theory that involves sightings of green humanoid creatures rising from the depths (who turn up by the river, washed out of the bath-water, down the toilet bowl, and lurking in the ponds all over England). Shaw also has to contend with his demented mother in the nursing home, who gets pleasure from calling him by the names of his many half-siblings or absent step-fathers and by insisting on ‘having the photographs’ before tearing these memories to shreds. Meanwhile, Victoria has decided it’s time to depart London and claim her inheritance — a house in need of repair in a small town. That her mother has died in mysterious circumstances doesn’t seem to bother her too much as she paints, gets the roof fixed and has a succession of tradies through the house — each odder than the next and all obsessed with the book (as are most of the locals) The Water-Babies by Charles Kingsley. Kicking around with Pearl, the cafe waitress who knew her mother and with whom she has struck up a kind of friendship, and firing off pithy emails to Shaw (which he reads but never responds to) allows her to keep her rose-tinted glasses on as she endeavours to tackle the house. Yet, something is bothering her. Why are the locals so odd, and are they driving her mad with their cryptic comments and obsession with The Water-Babies? Why is Pearl’s father, Wee Ossie, the sometimes taxi driver so unsavoury, and what did happen to her mother? When Pearl disappears (literally!) into a pond on the edge of the woods, Victoria is further rattled, and as the winter rain and damp set in, she thinks it might be time to sell up and return to London, where things have reached a surreal level for Shaw amid the shenanigans of Tim and his cronies. The Sunken Land Begins to Rise Again was awarded the 2020 Goldsmith’s Prize. What starts as a pedestrian plot-dominated novel soon reveals its layers and complexity. It doesn’t sit easily in any particular genre: it is a psychological, speculative, absurdist, social commentary, a cultural parody, and an overwhelming political novel. The residue of Thatcherite Britain hangs there in the damp undercurrent, while Brexit raises its head to subsume the next generation. Conspiracy theories run to rack and ruin, while consumerism and neo-liberalism look just as foolhardy. As the facade falls away, the chaos that crisis triggers — a rising tide of recognition — swamps both Victoria and Shaw, each in its own way. Damp and mysterious — unexpectedly delicious prose with endless subaqueous thoughts to engage you beyond the page. |
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![]() | Speedboat by Renata Adler {Reviewed by THOMAS}
>>We have your Speedboat. |
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Funny Weather: Art in an emergency by Olivia Laing {Reviewed by STELLA} A collection of essays about art and emergency couldn’t be more fitting for the times we live in. Funny Weather is a collection of pieces written by Olivia Laing between 2015—2019 for various art magazines and newspapers. Laing is intrigued by the idea, and adamant that it is so, that art is a vehicle for resistance and repair in a world where crises pit us against systems, both capitalist and governmental, and where unexpected emergencies create social and cultural upheaval. While these writings predate the Covid crisis, the ideas and analysis can easily be applied to our present scenario. Laing discusses artists, writers, and their work related to the political and social upheavals that prefigure and inform their practice. Whether it’s documenting the AIDS crisis, as in the work of David Wojnarowicz, or exploring our place in nature — Derek Jarman — or creating a place of least distraction — Georgia O’Keefe — or using language to counter political expediency — Ali Smith — or countering expectations — Jean-Michel Basquiat — Laing introduces us to artists who push against the rigidity of conformity, question authority and suggest alternatives. While the best works are in a biographical essay style, the longer pieces being more satisfying, the variety of work ensures fresh views on artists you may know, as well as introductions to some you don’t. Split into loosely thematic sections, the essays intersect across each other in ideas and study, with all drawing down to Laing’s insistence that art is important in the face of an emergency. This concept underlies her conversations about or with the artists, and her critique of their work in the context of political, social and cultural phenomena. Where Laing succeeds and keeps the reader engaged (compared with the stilted or pretentious nature of much art writing) is in her ability to write with insight, compassion and verve, by putting her own experiences into the dialogue and teasing at the edges, looking afresh (much in the same way that John Berger makes us look at art) to give the reader informative and complex, yet unwaveringly accessible, conversation. Laing avoids easy conclusions and gives us plenty to chew on, as we seek art to save us in an emergency. |
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![]() | Mouthpieces by Eimear McBride {Reviewed by THOMAS} To remove from language the ornamental aspects of that language, to undercut the words until the uncuttable is all that’s left, to remove from a text all rationale, to leave all bare, is a path of negation, of austere interrogation, he wrote. “There is no occurrence upon which doubt cannot be thrown,” she wrote. The space cleared by Samuel Beckett surely is or could be an enterable space, not a fenced space, if there are any who would enter and could enter, some few perhaps, but some, he wrote. Space for a voice, a voice tied with the breath, or by the breath, whatever, to the body, to the mind, to the mouth and to the ear, if there is not no such thing as a body or a mind, or a mouth and an ear, he wrote. The most is nearest the least. Three pieces by McBride, I’m ear, call them pieces, call them texts, nothing else to call them, three voices, women’s voices, attrited by all that surrounds them and attrites, by all that expects, by all that intrudes upon them and demands, by all that surrounds them and occludes, but voices made more clear by all attempts, at all times and from all quarters, to stifle and occlude, he wrote. Kick away the crutch and see what walks. There is more threat or rage in the uneraseable than in that which has yet to be erased, though the impulse to erase remains, an impulse no longer able to be expressed, from which expression is exhausted, or denied, or is itself erased, he wrote. Some breath remains unsmothered, some unsmotherable breath or some breath not quite yet smothered, some voice will name, or if not name resist, with irresistable resistance or with what must pass for resistance, the smotherers whose smothering is not quite yet done, whose smothering will never now be done or whose smothering is at least postponed by the voice, the voice that therefore must not cease, he wrote. Three brief texts made powerful by their briefness. I read, I unread and reread, he wrote. I write this adminicle, this text as evidence of another text, the text I view and review, the text the reader of this adminicle would do well to read and reread rather than this rushed adminicle, this clumsiness, this crutchlessness, he wrote. How to go on? “She cannot find a way out because there is no way,” she wrote. “Because there is no out. Because there is no because. Just is.” |
In our Book of the Week, Everybody: A book about freedom, Olivia Laing explores the capacities and vulnerabilities of the human body, and sees it as the locus of a political struggle for individual and collective freedom and authenticity. Laing uses the body as a way to consider significant and complicated figures of the past, and to understand their relevance today, when our bodies are facing both established and new threats and opportunities.
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